Refrigeration



June 2, 1931. c. G. MUN- rERs 1,808,723

' REFRIGERATION Filed Aug; V128, 1926 6 Sheets-.Sheet 1 t7 M ATTORNEY 'June v1931.

C.G.MUNTERS REFRIGERATION Filed Aug. 28,'1926 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN VEN TOR,

1,-., ATTORNEY June 2, 1931.4

RFRIGERATION Filed Aug. 28,v 1926 G. MUNTERs 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 N TOR,

June 2, 1931. c. G. MUNTERS REFRIGERATI 0N Filed Aug. 28, 192e e sneetsfsheet -4 v M'ATTORNEY REFRIGERATION Filed Aug. 28, 1926 6 Sheets-Sheet '5 INVENT June 2, 1931. c. G. MUNTERS 1,808,723

- REFRIGERATION Filed Aug. 28, 1926 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 I /'Em; i4 BY y? u Patented June 2, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CARL GEORG MUNTERS, F STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, ASSIGNOR '.[iO ELEGTROLUX SERVEL CORPORATION, OIEVNEW YORK, vN'. Y., A CORPORATION 0F DELAWARE REFRIGEBATION Application led August 28, 1926, Serial No. 132,160, and liu Germany July 26, 1926.

My invention comprises noveladvances in thev art of treatment of gas and vapor, especially applicable to refrigeration producing processes, particularly the absorption process. The objects of the invention include the obtaining of higher eliiciency than previously'has been known in processes to which the invention is applicable; the automatic regulation of'liquid and gas separation by inherentprocess characteristics; automatic self-regulating adjustment of process steps to proper co-ordination with differing loads and heat balances; and

others apparent as the description proceeds.

1.5 In one important hase of the invention,

vapor is expelled romA a solution, condensed and then reheated to revaporization by the rimary generation for the purpose of con ensing a portion of the primary vapor'. I have developed various character- 'istie novel processes, process steps and apparati involving this principle as will presently be apparent. Besides the above my invention contemplates further improvements and novel combinations and. apparatus.

Various manners of carrying out my invention are shown on the accompanying drawings of which:

Fig. 1 is a view partly in elevation and partly in section of parts of a refrigerating apparatus;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on the 5 line 2-2 of Fig. 1, parts being shown in full; A Fig. 3 is a section taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a section taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1;

0 Fi 5 shows diagrammatically a different orm of refrigerating apparatus showing a furtherl development of the invention beyond what is included inthe apparatus of Figs. 1-4;

Fig. 6 is a view partly in section of another apparatus in laccordance with this i1 vsntion; l

Fig. 7 is a sectional View taken on line 7-7 of Fig. 6; l

And Fig. 8 shows diagrammatically the in process f invention in lone embodiment, ap lied to an absorption refrigerating mac ine of knowntype employing a pump.

eferring more particularly to Fig.A 1, which shows an apparatus of the constant equalized pressure type, 10 designates a generator which contains a solution 11 of cooling agent or refrigerant in a solvent. In forms of the invention herein described I shall designate ammonia as the cooling agent, Water as the solvent or absorption liquid and hydrogen as an auxiliar medium into which ammonia diffuses or the purpose of evaporation. It isto be understood, however, that the selection of these substances is for the purpose of ill'lstration and without limitation.

Heat-'is applied to generator l by means of an electric heating element 24 which sets into a pocket 25 in the bottom of the generator. Ammonia vapor expelled from solution in' the generator passes through conduit 12 and into a device which I herein term a wheat-separator-: The reheat-separator is designated generally by reference character 20. It is simultaneously a heat exchanger, a boiler, a condenser, a` regulator and a separator. Iny the reheat-separator, steam which is entrained with the ammonia vapor passing through conduit 12 is condensed so that it may flow back toward the i generator and so that it will not pass on through further parts of the reifrigerating apparatus. The reheat`separator comprises an `outer shell 13 and an inner conduit 17. Between parts 13 and'17 there sok is a first path 29 for flow of ammonia vapor. l

Conduit 17 constitutes a. second path for the flow of ammonia as will presently be explained. Inthe first ammonla path 29 is a series of baffling members 21, 22. Fig. 3 shows a baffling member 21. Fig. 4 shows a bathing member v 22. 'Balling member 21 has a side aperture l 26v on one side and baffling ,member 22 has a side aperture 27 on the opposite side. Alternate balliing members are of type 21 and intermediate alternate balliingy members of type 22. Apertures 26 and 27 are thus placed out of alignment to give a tormnn tuous path for ammonia through the reheatv separator and this tortuous flow aids .in the separation of entrained water vapor. The reheat-separator is inclined downwardly toward the generator and each of disks 21 and 22 is equipped with-a lower opening 28 so that condensed water vapor flows backward l through the passageway formed by openings 28 toward the enerator.

Ammonia vapo'r a er passing through the reheat-separator continues vthrough conduit 14 and into condenser 15. Condenser 15 comprises a pipe coil surrounded by a water jacket 16 but it is to'be understood that the condenser as well as other parts of the apparatus may be made of various constructions.

Condenser 15 is connected with conduit 17.

Ammonia is condensed in condenser 15 and passes into conduit 17. The ammonia in conduit 17 is colder than the vapor in path 29 and there consequently occcurs a transfer of'heatfrom pathv 29 into path 17 Ammonia vapor entering path 29 contains suvso verheat and it loses' some vor all of its supereat due to the. cooling effect of condensed ammonia-in conduit 17 To illustrate, in an apparatusbuilt accordingto this invention the temperature of lannnonia gas and entrained water vapor leaving the generator may be 275 F. with a ressure of 242 lbs.

The proportion by' weg t ofvwater tothe total quantityof ammonia 'and steam is about 14%. Inits passage throu h thereheat-separator the temperature o the ammonia and entrained water vapor is reducedl from 275 'F. to about 113 F. This v'last temperaturev is somewhat higher than the saturation 4temperature at 242 lbs. At this reduced temperature the water vapor entrained is practically entirely condensed and the amount of Water remaining in vapor form and passin into the condenser through 'conduit 14'is on y a few hundreths of one percent ofthe amount by weight of iuid pasing into thecondenser. The condensed water absorbs Some ammonia as it passes back toward theY generator. In its assage back toward the generator, it passes t rough increasingly hotter zones and the increase in temperature 'causes the ammonia to be again expelled from the condensate until, by the time the separated condensate has completed its return through the reheat-separator,its temperature and its ammonia concentration lis substantially the same asthat in the generator. The -iiuid entering condenser' 15,` vwhich is practically pure ammonia, is cooled,v

" decreased in temperature tol the saturation.

tem erature at Vthe existing -pressureand con ensed,rand is further cooled some ,de-

grecs below the saturation point. -All that isnecessary, howeverfis to reach the satura- Y* tion temperature in condenser` l15 and obtain -revaporization iin conduit 17 to condon condensation suflicient for the subsequelxlit t. e

entrained waterin path 29. The ammonia entering conduit 17 from condenser 15 1s re- `vapo'rzed due to the higher temperature in path 29 and transfer of heat through conduit 17. As the ammonia is revaporized or evaporated lin conduit 17 it draws heat from t e surrounding hot vapor in path 29 so that the temperature of the vapor passing through path 29 more and more approaches the sat- E uration temperature at which the ammonia the ammonia passes through conduit 49 into evaporator 30.

Evaporator 30 forms a portion of what may be termed a local ycycle including also absorber 31, a ihydrogen conduit 32, and a mixture conduit 33. Hydrogen circulates through this local cycle.Al Ingthe'l evaporator the ammonia diifusesl intovthe hydrogen and evaporates thereby produ/cin@ refrigeration.

The mixture of'ammonia andA hydro en'vapor formed inthe eva rator passes't rou h conduit 33 and intoa sorber 311." Inthe a sorber, ammonia? isabsorbed by abso tion .liquid suppliedtheretol through conduit 34. 'Hydrogen which is elative'ly free from ammonia passes throug conduit 32 to the evaporator to again mix with ammonia. Since the mixture of hydrogen and ammonia in the evaporator is heavier than the gas in the absorber which is composed fof hydro en to a` greater extent, an automatic circu ation is produced through the evaporator and absorber. Q' The evaporator and absorber are equipped with disks 35 containing passageways, whlchdisks serve to give arge rvsurfaces of eva oration and absorption. The' absorber is p aced within cooling water jacket 16 and its upper portion'constitutes a. prec ool.ing arrangement for weak absorption liquid entering 'the absorber from the generator. v

Strong absorption liq'nid passes from the l bottom part of the absorber through conduit 36 and into coil 37 which surrounds heating element 24-A and is heated thereby. Theujce the absorption liquid passes through conduit 38 and'into the upper part of the generator. vWeak absorption .liquid "hows through' conduits 39,;40 and 34: intothe absorber. Condu-its- 36and40 are placed in heat .exchange relation. Coil 37 is an auxiliary 'generator which serves to circulate absorption liquidbetween the generator and absorber.

' The. various parts lof, the Y'apparatus are maintained attheisame constant total .prespath 29.

sure and all parts are in unobstructed communication with each other. The evaporator is placed within a brine tank or otherwise arranged Within the place to be cooled. In Fig. 2, 75 designates the wall of a refrigerator cabinet, the evaporator being placed inside the cabinet and the absorber and generator outside wall 75 with respect to the cabinet.

In so far as the above described Figs. 1 to-4 are concerned, the invention is primarily directed to the reheat-separator and its relation to the apparatus as a whole. The specific local cycles between the generator and absorber and between the absorber' and evaporator as shown in the above described figures are not a part of the present invention except in combination withthe reheat-separator. As respects this matter reference may be had to-copending application Serial No. 130,086 filed on August 18,

1926 by Baltzar Carl von Platen and me jointly which has matured into Patent No. 1,609,334 granted December 7, 1926.

By means of the reheat-separator the apparatus is made independent of the quantity of fluid cycling through the same, that is,

it is made independent of the intensity of` heat supply. lf the intensity of heat supply is increased, a greater part of conduit 17 becomes effective to cool the vapor in cally regulates itself independently of cooling water quantities and temperatures and other external factors. It is thus possible to operate the apparatus simply and automatically with constant etiiciency at any load within the capacity of the apparatus.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5,'a different form of reheat-separator is disclosed. The generator in this embodiment is indicated by reference character 10 as in Fig. 1. Whereas the generator of Fig. 'l was heated by electricity, the generator of Fig. 5 is heated by gas-supplied through a gas burner 41. Thegases of combustion resulting from the operation of the gas burner pass through flue 42 within ygenerator 10. Vapor expelled in generator 10 passes through conduit 43 which is extended so as to be cooled by air somewhat and to give a sufficient counter-flow path for expulsion of ammonia from the condensed solvent and also to prevent undesirable heat.- losses between the generator and the separator.

The reheat-separator is likewise designated by reference character 20 in this embodiment. It is arranged vertically and comprises an outer shell" 44 and an inner member 45 which may be termed anevaporation or vaporiz'ation column. Evaporation column 45 is open at the top and there connects with the space 46 between the outer shell 44 and the evaporation column 45,

vin condenser 15.

The whole arrangement automati- 'rehcat-separator with condenser 15 which comprises a coil situated within cooling water jacket 1G. Conduit -14 receives vapor both from -path 46 and evaporation column 45.

The lower end of condenser coil 15 is connected to a separation chamber 5 1. Two conduits leave separation chamber 51, one conduit, 52, passing into the lower part of evaporation column 45 and the other conduit 53 passing upwardly and then downwardly with a loop at the top to connect withheat exchanger 55, hereinafter more fully described. Conduit 52 is connected to the bottom part of separation chamber 5l and is illedwith liquid ammonia condensed Conduit 53 is connected to the upper portion of separation chamber 51 so as to receive gas therefrom. The purpose of this gas separationchamber 51 and the conduit connection thereto is to separate from the ammonia any hydrogen gas which may have been entrained with the strong liquor passing from the absorber to the generator and carried along with the ammonia vapor expelled in the generator. The hydrogen gas passes through conduit 523 and into heat exchanger' 55, thisflow being caused by a very slight excess pressure developed by the generation process.

Liquid ammonia leaving the end of eonduit 52 whichis within evaporation column 45 is heated by-superhea'ted ammonia vapor in path 46 in manner similar to that explained with reference to the corresponding element of the apparatus of Fig. yl. This serves to condense water vapor enti-:lined -with the ammonia vapor expelled from the generator. In order to aid the transfer. of heat from the vapor inv path 46 to the liquid ammonia in evaporation cohnnn 45, a series of flanges 56 are provided which extend around evaporation column 45. Tn order to obtain a vtortuous path of flow through path 46 a further series of flanges 57 is cmployed. The liquid ammonia within eva poration column 45 boils and wets the inner Vwall thereof for 'a considerable extent. Vapor formed within evaporatlon column.

of vaporization and the reheating Astage-0fI va vorlzation. f nevaporated liquid ammonia passes through the lower part of evaporation column 45 into conduit 58- which. surrounds conduit 52. Conduit -58 is joined to` U- shaped conduit 60 which asses downwardl from' conduit 58, throug conduit 61', horizontally through heat exchanger 55 and upwardly through conduit 62 into the'I upper part of the eva orator 30. Liquid ammonia is dischar ed rom conduit 60,1nto evaporator w ere it evaporates and producesl refrigeration. l

Heat exchanger 55 is composed' of an outer cylindrical shell 63, two tube-heads 64| and 65, and a series of horizontal tubes 66.

.Tubes 66 extend through aperturesin heads 64 and 65 and connect end chamber 67 with end chamber 68. End chambers 67 and 68 are closed from centralspace 69 except `for. two small openings 70 and 71 in the bottom parts of tube-heads 64 and 65, respectively.

End chamber 67 is connected with the upper part of absorber 31 by means of conduit A61. End chamberv 68 is connected -to' the upper partof the evaporator *30 by means of conduit 62. Hydro en gas the upper part of absor er 31, t rou h conduit l61, through end chamber 67, t rough tubesv 66, through end chamber `68, and

- hydrogen is lliberated. from the mixture to,

through conduit 62 into theupper'part of the evaporator.

Central space 69 is cnnected with the bottom vart of'evaporator 30 by means ofconduit@ 2 and this spaceY is connected with the bottom part ofabsorber 31by means of conduitV 73. The'mixture of hydrogen gas and ammonia formed in the evaporator passes 'through' conduity 72,` through central space 69, around tubes 66 and around tube and then through yconduit 73 into the lower art of the absorber .where the ammonia 1s absorbed into absorption liquid and return to the evaporator through the path hereinbefore traced, including conduit 61.

` Since some vapor of the absorption liquid is entrained with the h drogen `passing through conduit, ltowar thev evaporator, openings 70 and *71 are provided so that this entrained yvapor of absorption liquid which condenses on its way to the evaporator will drain into central space 69`and then return tothe absorber. By this means the heat exchanger 55 and connected conduits are kept free of liquid..

By exchanging heat between the gas mix` ture kin'space 69 and the condensed ammonia in conduit 60 an appreciable gain in eiciency asses from .extends within c' linder 76 and members 76 and 7.

evaporator. Thus, a low intake temperature exists in the evaporator and a hi her thermal etliciency can be obtained. he quantity of gas mixture 4passing through central space 69 for a than. the quantity lo 'hydrogen passing through tube 66 for the Sametime wherefore there is sucient cold in the gas mixture to cool the vhydrogen and. also to cool the ammonia.

ven Atime is greater The hydrogengas passingthrough conduit- 53 enters central space69 andis there mixed with the asmixture land passes to the absorber trou h conduit 731 Obviously conduit 53 nee' not be connected to space 69 but may, for example, be connected direct u tothe absorber. v p The connections between' .the andthe absorber are the same in ig. 5 as in the previous arrangement of Fig. 1. Like reference characters designate like wherefore an explanation'of this part of the apparatusisunnecessary connection with d Figs. 6 and-7 show one form of apparatus, as I would prefer tobuilditembo present invention. The geueratoris again designated by reference character 10 and serves the same function, namely, to se arate ammonia or other refrigerant fromso ution.

The ammonia va or with entrained vapor of nerator parts,

absorption liqui passes through conduit 43 I 4and into the wheat-separator- 20 which is' made as a* U-shaped member. The' vapor comlng from the enerator enters an outer cylinder 76. One eg 77 of a Usha ed tube.-

etween isv formed the first :for iluid through the reheat-separator. his pathl is designated by reference character 29. Leg 77 of the U-tube corresponds to evaporaV tionI column 45 of Fig. 5; The secondpath throughv the reheat-selparator .is the s ace within leg 77 which have designate by reference. character 47. A series of baiiiing ath i -ribs 56 surrounds members'77. The upper art of cylinder 76 isiconnected with conenser 15' by means of conduit 14. The upper end of leg 77 is open and is also con'- Anected with conduit 14 in-thesame manner as the corresponding part. in Fig'. 5. Condenser 15 consists of an inner ammonia conduit 78 surrounded by al1-outer water con-` duit' 79. From condenserv 15 liqueied ammonia' asses through conduit 80 which correspon s to conduit 5 2 of Fi 5 and intotheot er leg 81 of the -U'tube see Fig. 7 ).1 The lower part of the U-tubeis filled with liquid ammonia. Conduit 80 opens 'ust above the liquidammonia in leg 81. l g 81 extends upwardly and the upper portion is` connected 'to a conduit 53, so designated becauseitcorrespondsto conduit 53 of Fig.

5.. Entrained hydrogenpasses through con l heat exchanger 55 which is made up-'in the same manneras shown in Fig. 5'and isconnected to the upper part of evaporator 30.

The arrangement should be such that the level in the U-tube of the reheat-separator is slightly higher than the entrance of conduit 60 into evaporator 30. It will be seen that the connection of conduit 60v with the evaporator determines the pool of liquid maintained in the U-tube. The evaporator is situated within brine tank 83 which brine tank'is formed with an enclosure 84 for the insertion of ice trays.

The circulation of absorption liquid between the generator and absorber issubstantially like that shown in previous embodiments and like reference characters designate like parts. There is a difference however inthat the auxiliary generator is made differently and the heat exchanger is inverted to give a diierent direction of flow. In this modification, the coil 37 is replaced by a portion of the generator shell 84 s'urrounding flue 42. A conduit 85 connects this cylindrical auxiliary generator 84 with the upper part .of Ithe generator proper. Conduit 36 is connected to auxiliary enerator 84 to supply rich absorption liqui ythereto. A space 86 is provided at the top of the auxiliary generator by having the lower opening of conduit 85 open into the auxiliary generator some distance below partition plate 87 which separates the generator proper from the auxiliary generator. An improved circulation is obtained with. this space over what. is obtained4 without it. Conduit 36 which leaves the lower part of the absorber passes downwardlyand circles upwardly towards auxiliary generator 84. Conduit 40, surrounding conduit 36, circles downwardly. By means of this arrangement, any vapor generated in conduit 36 passes upwardly into they auxiliary generator 84.

In order to precool the. absor tion liquid passing into the absorber, conduit 34, in this embodiment, is made to pass through lcoolingjacket 89 which surrounds the' absorber and which is supplied with coolin water. From the absorber jacket 89 the coo ing water passes to the condenser jacket 79. Conduit 34 takes several turnsthrough the water within jacket 89 and then enters the upper portion of the absorber.

The whole apparatus 1s mountedy on a late 88 adapted to form a portion of a re-y ri erating cabinet.

n Fig. 8 I have shown the reheat-separator applied to an absorption apparatus including a pump. Generator 10 is heated by means of a steam coil 1'1. Vapor generated in dgenerator 10 passes through conduit 12 an into reheat-separator 20 comprising an outer conduit 13 and an inner conduit 17.

vThe space between conduits 13 and 17 constitute a first path through the reheat-separator which is connected to a separator 90.? 'Separator 90 yis connected-by means of conduit 14 with a condenser l5. From condenser 15 conduit 91 connects with conduit 17 and liquefied ammonia passes therethrough into the second path of the reheatseparator. From the reheat-separator am monia passes through conduit 92 and into a. second condenser 19 whence it passes through conduit 49 and into evaporator 30.

It will be seen that the reheat-separator arrangement is substantially the same as that shownin Fig. 1. A throttling valve 93 is yinterposed in conduit 49 vwhich valve may be,

of any construction and which throttles the 'refrigerant from a high pressure inthe generator, reheat-separator and condenser to a low pressure in evaporator 3Q, the drop in pressure serving to alter the status of the refrigerant thermo-dynamically so that it is forced to evaporate. From evaporator 30 refrigerant passes throu h conduit 94and into absorber, 31. Absor er 31 is supplied with weak liquor from the generator through conduit 95 in which is interposed a valve 96 for obtaining a drop inressure between the generator and .absor er. A pump 97 serves to ump enriched liquorV from the absorber t rough conduits 98, 99, 100 and 101 into the generator. The cooling water jacket for condensers 15, 19 and absorber 31 are suitably interconnected. 'N

While I have described various embodi-v ments of my invention, it will vloe readily seen that my invention is not limited to par'- ticular structure. n

t will be obvious that the process improvement of vaporizing a fluid of the sys- -tem in heat exchange relation with what may be termed a heat rejecting part such as the first ath of the reheatfseparator ma 1 be applie to other. heat rejecting parts. t

will also l-be noted that, amongst the functions of the reheat-separator, is that of performing the duty' ofthe partof a refrigera-- tion system known as a rectifier. My reheat-separator 1s, however, more than a. mere recti'er, as the term is defined. by prior art and prior usage, particularly in the feature of makingjthe condensation of vapor of absorption liquid leaving lthe generator prop-l erly related to different loads on the system.

' 'What I claim is:

1. Those. steps in refrigerating through4 the agency of an absorption system which consist in generating vapor of a refrigerant,

"condensing the refrigerant vapor, passing the condensedrefrig'erant into heat exchange relation with they venerated vapor, evaporating condensed're rigerant in said heat exchange relation, .recondensing the refrigerl ant so evaporated, conducting the condensed relation and maintaining l refrigerant to'A an vevaporating space, providing a pool of liquid in said at exchange said pool of liquid due to the supply o erant to said evaporating space.

. 2l Refri erating apparatus comprising a generator or -expelling a cooling agent from a solution, condensing means for condensing I' thecooling a ent, an evaporatorv for vaporizing the coo n agent, an absorber for absorbing the coo ing a ent, means for circulating absorption hquid between the generator and absorber, means to circulate an auxiliary agent between the absorber and evaporator, the parts being connected in open arator comprising a first path and a secondl ath, so connected that vvapor may pass' .'5'30 communication to permit the existence of 'the same .pressure throughout the apparatus, a separator interposed between the generator'and condensing means,.said seprom the generator through said irsty path i and into said condensing means, condensate may pass from saidfirst path vback towards said generator, condensate may pass from said condensing means to said second path, condensate may pass from said second path to said eva orator and vapor may pass rom said secon path into said condensing means generator solution, an evaporator for vaporizing the and means for establishing a pooljof condensate in said second path.

3. Rerigerating apparatus -comprising a or expelling a cooling agent from cooling agent, an absorber for absorbing the cooling agent, the parts being arranged in a system of constant vpressure throughout employing an lsni'xiliary agent into whichthe cooling agent evaporates, said system including also condensing and separating means connectedto receive vapor fromv the generator and return liquid toward the generator, said condensing and separating means comprising a heat exchanger having separated spaces, .a condenser, connections for How of vapor from said spaces to the condenser and means to conduct liquid from lone of said spaces to said evaporator and to establish a peel of liquid in said condens- Iing and separating means.'

- solution, an evaporator or'vaporizing the 4. Reiiigeratng apparatus comprising a generator `fior expelling a cooling agent from cooling agent, an absorber for absorbing the cooling agent, the parts being arrange in a system or constant pressure throughout employing an auxiliary agent yinto which the condensed refrigi cooling agent evaporates, said system including also condensing -and se arating means connected lto receive vapor rom the generator and comprising a heat exchanger including a first path, a second path, a condenser connected in series with said paths and a series of bailing members in one of f said paths ad a lconnection for conducting liquid roin'said separator to saidv evaporator, said connection being arranged to establish a pool of liquid in said condensing and separating means.

5. Refri erating apparatus comprising a generator or expelling, a lcooling agentfrom solution, an evaporator for vaporizingthe cooling agent, an absorber for absorbing the.

cooling agent, the 4parts being arrangedin -a system of constant pressure throughout employing an auxiliary agentl into which the cooling agent evaporates', said system including also condensing and separating means connected to receive vapor from the generator and comprising a vertically disposed heat exchanger including a first path and a vaporization column and a condenser connected to receive vapor from said lirstpath and said vaporization column and to deliver condensate to said vaporization column and a connection between said vaporization column. and said evaporator serving to maintain a pool of condensate in said vaporization column and to conduct condensate to the evaporator.

6. In refrigerating through the agency of an absor tion system wherein a refrigerant is vaporized by expelling the same from solution in a generator and carries some vapor of absorption liquid therewith, which refrigerant is liquefied and introduced into an evaporator, that improvement which consists in conducting liquefied refrigerant before introduction into the evaporator back into heat exchange relation with the vaporous refrigerant carrying vapor of absorption liquid to condense and' separate thus formed into the absorber, circulatv.

ing absorption liquid between the vgenerator and absorber to separate the refrigerant from the inert gas in the absorberend convey the refrigerant to the generator, conveying inert gas 'from the absorber tol the evaporatorexpelling reri erant from solution in the generator to -o` tain gaseous refrigerant, liquefying the expelled refriger-v scribed, a heat exchanger having separated` spaces, means to supply vapor of a volatile fiuidcontaining entrained vaporous solvent to a space of said heat exchanger at a given pressure and to withdraw liquid from said space andmeans communicating with the aforementioned space to supply liquid of said volatile'fluid substantially entirely free from solvent to a second space of said heat exchanger at the same given pressure to cool the vapor of said volatile fluid supplied by the first mentioned means and condense the entrained solvent therein, `a liquid receiver other than said generator and means to conduct liquid from said second space to said liquid receiver.

9. A reheat-separator comprising a U- tube, a cylinder surrounding one leg of said U-tube, a gas off-take' pipe connected' with the other leg of said U-tube, means to withdraw liquid from the bottom of said U-tube,

means to withdraw vapor from the top of said cylinder and means to supply liquid to said U-tube, the leg of said U-tube within said cylinder being open, l l0. In a device of the character described, a generator, a vertically extending separator comprising' a first path and a' second path, an upwardly extending conduit from said generator to said separator connected with said first path, a condenser connected to said first path to receive vapor therefrom and connected to said second path to deliver liquid thereto, and means to conduct liquid from said second path outside said generator.

. a generator, a substantially horizontally eX tending separator comprising a first path `and a second path, an upwardly extending 11. 'In a device of the character described,

conduit from said generator to said separator connected with said first path, a condenser connected to said first path vto receive vapor therefrom and connectedto said second path to `deliver li nid thereto, and means tol conduct liquid rom saidsecond f path outside'said generator.

VVsaid generator to saidseparator connected with said first path, Va condenser connected to receive vapor from both said athsand connected to deliver liquid to sald sepond` second path outside said generator.

13. In a device of the'character described, a generator, a separator comprising a first path and a second path, means to conduct vapor from said generator to said first path and drain liquid into said generator, a condenser connected to said firstl path to receive vapor therefrom and connected to said second path to deliver liquid thereto, and means to conduct liquid from-Said second Apath away from the aforesaid parts.

14. In a device of the character described, a generator,` a separator comprising a first path and a secondV path, means to conduct vapor fromsaid generator to said first path and drain liquid into said generator, a condenser connected to both said paths to receive vapor .therefrom and connected to deliver liquid to said second path, and means to conduct liquid from said second path away from the aforesaid parts.

l5. 'Ina device of the character described, a generator, a separator comprising a first path and a second path,I meansto conduct vapor from said generatorto said firsty path and drain liquid into said` generator, a condenser connected to said first path to receive vapor therefrom and connected to said second path to deliver liquid thereto,bafile path, and means to conduct liquid from said from the a oresaid pa`\rts and means to maintain a pool of liquld in said'second path.

16. In a device of the character described,

a generator, a separator comprising a'first path and a second path, means to conduct vapor from said generator to said first path 4 and drain liquid into said generator, a con` denser lconnected to both said paths to receive vapor therefrom and connected to' said second path to deliver liquid thereto, bale members in said firstpath, means to conduct liquid from said second path away from the aforesaid parts and means to maintain a pool of liquid in said second path.

17. In a device of the character described, a generator, a verticallI extending separator comprising a first pat anda second path, an upwardly extending-conduit from said generator to said se arator connected with said first path, a con enser connected to said first path to receive vapor therefrom and connected to ysaid second path to deliver liquid thereto,"a liquid receiver other than said generator,'and a liquidconductingzconpath.

V 18. In a device of the character described, a generator, a verticall extending separator comprisin a first path and a, second path, an upwar ly extending conduit fromy said generator to said Vseparator connected with fduit connecting said second path with said "liquid recelver, said last vmentioned conduit .establishing a pool of liquid in said second first path to receive vapor therefrom andconnected to sa'id second 'path to deliver,

said first path, a condenser connectedto said liquid thereto, a liquid receiver other than said generator, a liquid conducting conduit connecting said second path with said liquid receiver, said last mentioned conduit estab-r 19. In a device f the lcharacter described,

a generator, a vertically extending separator vestablishing a pool of liquid in said comprising a irst path and a second path, an vupwardly extending conduit from'said generator to `said se arator connected" with said first path, a con enser connected to both said paths to receive vapor therefrom and u connected -'to said second pa-th to deliverv liquid thereto, a liquid` receiver other than said generator, and a liquidconducting con-- gsOrber, a gascirculationcircuit between the duit connecting said second path with said liquidreceiver, said last mentioned conduit path.

20. In a device of the character described,

'a generator, a vertically extending separasaid generator to said separator connected with said first path, a condenser connected to both said paths to receive vapor therefrom anda-connected to said second path to;

deliver li uid'thereto, a liquid receiver. other conduit connecting said second path with said liquid receiver, said last mentioned con,-

duit establishing a pool of liquid in said secondpath, and a gas communication between said second path and said liquid receiver. a

21. Refrigerating apparatus comprising aj generator, a separator, a condenser, an evaporator, an absorber, conduits connecting the aforesaid parts into a. system including conduits forming a major circuit for circulation of refrigerant through the generator,

separator, condenser, evaporator and absorber, `a. gas circulation circuit between the evaporator and the absorber, and a liquid circulation circuit between the generator and the absorber, said separator comprising a first path and a second path, said rst path being connected to said generator, said condenser being connected between said paths, and said-second path being connected to the evaporator, the connection to the evaporator serving to establish a pool of .liquid refrigerant in said second path.

generator, a separator, a condenser, an evaporator, an absorber, conduits connecting the aforesaid parts into a 'system including conduits forming a major circuit for circulation of refrigerant' through the generator, separa-` tor, condenser, evaporator and absorber, a

tioncircuit between the generator an second generatorfa liquid conducting.-

tor and the absorber, and a liquid cir ulaabsorber, saidl lseparator comfprising a first path and a second path, said rst path being connected to said 'generator' said condenser the p being connected between said paths, and said y second vpath being connected to the evaporator, the connectiont'o'the evaporator serving establish a pool". of.liquidrefrigerant in said second path, and 'a lvgas communication l separator and said gas circulabetween said tion circuit. n

23. Refrigerating apparatus comprising a' l generator, a separator, a condenser, anevapora-tor, van absorber, conduits connecting the aforesaidparts into a system including conduits forming a major circuit for'circula--. tion of refrigerant through the generator,

separator, condenser, v evaporator and` abm evaporator and the-absorber, and a vliquid circulation circuit between the generator and the absorber, said, se arator comprising, a

evaporator, the ,connection .t'othe evaporator vextending downwardly and again upwardly` and having an overiiow portion for supply in' liquid refrigerant to VAthe evaporator, the

height of said overflow .portion determining a pool-of Path 24. Refrigerating'apparatus comprising a generator, a separator, a condenser, an evaporator, an absorber, conduits connecting the 'aforesaid parts into a system including conduits forming a major circuitvfor circulation of refrigerant through the generator, separator, condenser, evaporator, and absorber, a gas circulation circuit between the evaporator and the absorber, and a liquid circulation circuit between the vgenerator and liquid refrigerant in said secondv the absorber, said se arator comprising a I first :path and a secon path, said first pathA being connected to said enerator, said con-A denser being connectedl evaporator, the connection tothe evaporator extending downwardly and again .upwardly and having an overow portion for suppl tween' said paths, .andsaid second path beingconnected to the path, anda gas communication between said separator and said gas circulation circuit. `22. Refrigerating apparatus comprising a t .252.' That improvement in absorption and distillation processes wherein a volatile 'fluid is expelled from solution' in a body of the vapor mixture by condensate4 of said 1viiatile Huid in heat exchange relation and out of contact therewith to condense the absorption medium constituent of the vapors.

in the vapor mixture, returning the conwith the E sa densed absorption medium but not the condensate of said volatile iuid to the body 'of absorption medium and conducting the condensate of said volatile liquid away from the heat exchange relation and away from the bod of absorption medium.

26. T at improvement in va r treatment which consists in cooling a ina gas mixture by heat exchange relation wit one of the constituents of thev mixture condensed and substantially entirely separated fromthe mixture and 1n boiling condition to separate by liquefaction a second constituent in the mixture and withdrawing both the one and the second constituents in 'quid form from the heat exchange relation. 27.111 a device of the class described,. a closed member, a U-tube, one leg ofv said U-tubeextending within said member and opening into the upper part thereof,a conduit communicatin -with the lower part of said member outsi e -of'said U-tube, a conduit connectin the upper part of said member with the ogher leg for cooling the last mentioned conduit and aV conduit communicating with the ower part of said U-tube. 28.l In a device A closed member, -a U-tube, one leg of said U-tube-extending within said'member and opening into the upper art thereof, a .con-

duit communicatin wit the lower part of.

said member outsi e of saidv .U-tube, a conduit connecting the'upper part of said member with the other leg of said U-tube, means for cooling the last mentioned conduit, a gas off-take pipe connected with' the aforesaid A other leg and a ,conduit .communicating iower part of said u-tube. In testimony whereof I hereunto aix my signature.

CARL GEORG MUNTERS.

of said U-tube, means of the class' described, a 

